Prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasites of pet dogs in North-Central Algeria.

The prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasites in dogs were conducted in Blida, North-Central Algeria. The study was carried out over 131 clinically healthy dogs, from March to June 2019, by coprological methods. Of the 131 collected dogs, 61.07% (n = 80) were found infected by gastrointestinal parasites. Sixty-four dogs were carriers of a single infection with the following parasites Ancylostoma spp (15.27%), Uncinaria spp (14.50%) Toxocara canis (4.58%), Trichuris vulpis (3.82%), Toxascaris leonina (2.29%), Taenia/Echinococcus spp. (2.29%), Mesocestoides spp (0.76%), Cystoisospora spp. (3.05%) and Neospora caninum-like (2.29%). Sixteen dogs harbored mixed infection. Male (OR = 1.18) German shepherds' dogs were more infected (OR = 1.08) by helminthic parasites (OR = 13.64). The frequency of single infections (OR = 6.86) increased with the animal's age (OR = 1.73-3.46). Identifying hookworms, T. canis, and T. vulpis suggests a continuing risk of contamination of pet dogs as a source of human infection with the zoonotic parasites in Blida.

A community-based, cross-sectional study to assess interactions between income, nutritional status and enteric parasitism in two Brazilian cities: are we moving positively towards 2030?

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the interactions between income, nutritional status and intestinal parasitism in children in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study (n = 421 children aged 1 to 14 years living in the states of Piauí (rural communities in the city of Teresina) and Rio de Janeiro (rural and periurban communities in the city of Cachoeiras de Macacu) was performed in order to obtain income and anthropometric data, as well as fecal samples for parasitological analyses through the Ritchie technique. RESULTS: Children infected with Ascaris lumbricoides had significantly lower means of height-for-age z scores (- 1.36 ± 0.75 vs. - 0.11 ± 1.02; p < 0.001), weight-for-age z scores (- 1.23 ± 0.74 vs. 0.09 ± 1.15; p = 0.001), and weight-for-height z scores (- 0.68 ± 0.44 vs. 0.23 ± 1.25; p = 0.006) when compared with uninfected children. Infection with hookworm was also associated with lower means of height-for-age z scores (- 1.08 ± 1.17 vs. - 0.12 ± 1.02; p = 0.015) and weight-for-age z scores (- 1.03 ± 1.13 vs. 0.08 ± 1.15; p = 0.012). Children infected with Entamoeba coli presented significantly lower means of height-for-age z scores (- 0.54 ± 1.02 vs. - 0.09 ± 1.02; p = 0.005) and weight-for-age z scores (- 0.44 ± 1.15 vs. 0.12 ± 1.15; p = 0.002). The multivariate multiple linear regression analysis showed that height-for-age z scores are independently influenced by monthly per capita family income (ß = 0.145; p = 0.003), female gender (ß = 0.117; p = 0.015), and infections with A. lumbricoides (ß = - 0.141; p = 0.006) and Entamoeba coli (ß = - 0.100; p = 0.043). Weight-for-age z scores are influenced by monthly per capita family income (ß = 0.175; p < 0.001), female gender (ß = 0.123; p = 0.010), and infections with A. lumbricoides (ß = - 0.127; p = 0.012), and Entamoeba coli (ß = - 0.101; p = 0.039). Monthly per capita family income (ß = 0.102; p = 0.039) and female gender (ß = 0.134; p = 0.007) positively influences mid upper arm circumpherence. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal parasitism and low family income negatively influence the physical development of children in low-income communities in different Brazilian regions.

Dolor abdominal crónico en un niño con Blastocystis hominis: a propósito de un caso / Chronic abdominal pain in a child with Blastocystis hominis: case report

RESUMEN El Blastocystis sp. es un parásito frecuente en el humano, identificado por el laboratorio en muestras de heces fecales. Se presentó el caso de un paciente de 5 años atendido en consulta de Gastroenterología en el Hospital Pediátrico Docente Provincial Eliseo Noel Caamaño, de Matanzas, por presentar dolor abdominal, heces pastosas, náuseas y vómitos desde hacía un año. Llevó tratamiento con ranitidina, omeprazol y domperidona, sin mejoría clínica. Se realizó estudio coproparasitológico en muestras de heces fecales seriadas, con la presencia del Blastocystis hominis. Se indicó tratamiento con metronidazol, sin mejoría clínica, y posteriormente se indicó como alternativa la nitazoxanida. Se evaluó a los 15 días, sin sintomatología y con negativización de las heces fecales seriadas. Resulta frecuente el desconocimiento y la poca importancia que los profesionales sanitarios muestran ante esta infestación, aunque cada vez más se confirma la participación del parásito en manifestaciones clínicas (AU).

ABSTRACT Blastocystis sp. is a frequent parasite in humans, identified in the laboratory in samples of fecal feces. The case of a 5-year-old patient is presented; he assisted the consultation of Gastroenterology in the Provincial Teaching Pediatric Hospital Eliseo Noel Caamaño in Matanzas, suffering abdominal pain, mash feces, nauseas and vomits for one year, and was treated with ranitidine, omeprazole and domperidone without clinical improvement. A coproparasitological study was carried out in serial fecal feces samples with the presence of Blastocystis hominis. Treatment with metronidazole was indicated without clinical improvement and them, as an alternative, nitazoxanide was indicated. He was evaluated at 15 days without symptoms and with negative serial fecal feces. The ignorance and the little importance that health professionals show towards this infestation are frequent, although more and more frequently it is confirmed the participation of the parasite in clinical manifestations (AU).

Infecciones y anemia en estudiantes de la parroquia Guapán, Azogues, Ecuador / Infections and anemia in students of theGuapán parish, Azogues, Ecuador

Introducción: Las unidades educativas constituyen un entorno ideal para el diagnóstico de enfermedades y la promoción de salud. Objetivo:Identificar la presencia de enfermedades infecciosas y anemia en los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Ezequiel Cárdenas Espinoza de la parroquia Guapán del cantón Azogues en Ecuador y tomar medidas correctivas al respecto.Métodos:Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo.El universo fueron los316 estudiantes matriculados enla Unidad Educativa Ezequiel Cárdenas Espinoza de la parroquia Guapán del cantón Azogues en Ecuador durante el periodo académico 2013-2014. La muestra fue coincidente pues setrabajó con todos los estudiantes de la institución en edades comprendidas entre 11 y 17 años de edad. Las variables evaluadas fueron edad, sexo y enfermedades más frecuentes para lo cual se utilizó como técnicas el coproparasitario, examen de sangre (hemoglobina), y examen elemental y microscópico de orina.Resultados:El 21.6% de los estudiantes evaluados presentaron parasitosis intestinal. La parasitosis más frecuente fue causada por Ameba histolytica con un 60% y 25% de Ascaris lumbricoides. El sexo predominantemente afectado fue el masculino con el 71%. Solo una estudiante del 8vo curso, correspondiente al 1.3% y un 5% de los estudiantes de 9no curso presentaron anemia. En todos los cursos se diagnosticaron estudiantes con infección de vías urinarias, representando el 15.2%. El 77.1% de los afectados fue del sexo femenino.Conclusiones:La presencia de enfermedades infecciosas y anemia determina el diseño de estrategias educativas a estudiantes, padres de familia y profesores de la institución

Introduction:The educational units constitute an ideal environment for diagnosing diseases and promoting health.Objective:To identify the presence of infectious diseases and anemia in the students of the Ezequiel Cárdenas Espinoza Educational Unit of the Guapan parish of the Azogues canton in Ecuador and to take corrective measures in this regard.Methods:An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out. The universe was the 316 students enrolled in the Ezequiel Cárdenas Espinoza Educational Unit of the Guapan parish of the Azogues canton in Ecuador during the 2013-2014 academic period. The sample was coincident because it worked with all the students of the institution in ages between 11 and 17 years of age. The variables evaluated were age, sex and most frequent diseases for which coproparasitic, blood test (hemoglobin), and elementary and microscopic urine tests were used as techniques.Results:21.6% of the students evaluated presented intestinal parasitosis. The most frequent parasitosis was caused by Ameba histolytica with 60% and 25% of Ascaris lumbricoides. The predominantly affectedsex was male with 71%. Only one student in the 8th grade, corresponding to 1.3% and 5% of the 9th grade students, presented anemia. In all the courses, students with urinary tract infection were diagnosed, representing 15.2%. 77.1% of those affected were female.Conclusions:The presence of infectious diseases and anemia determines the design of educational strategies for students, parents and teachers of the institution.

Estudio Experimental: Prevención de Parasitosis en Escolares en Zona Rural. Azuay, Ecuador. 2013­ 2014 / Experimental Research: Prevention of Parasitosis in Schoolchildren in a Rural Area. Azuay, Ecuador. 2013 - 2014

INTRODUCCIÓN: El parasitismo intestinal representa un problema médico-social con alta prevalencia en los niños de los países en desarrollo. Uno de los factores influyentes es la precaria condición sanitaria en determinadas zonas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el impacto de la aplicación de un programa educativo en conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas que permita disminuir la prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo experimental en una zona rural de Azuay - Ecuador, durante los años 2013 y 2014. El universo fue 190 niños y 145 padres de familia que fueron seleccionados al azar en dos grupos: estudio y control. Se comparó los conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas y prevalencia de parasitismo entre los dos grupos con la aplicación de un cuestionario y un examen coproparasitario antes y después de la intervención. RESULTADOS: La intervención educativa mostró un impacto positivo, dado que en los escolares del grupo estudio los conocimientos mejoraron de 39.6 % a 97.2 % (p: <0.05). Las actitudes aumentaron de 48.1 % a 97.2 % (p: <0.05). Por último, las prácticas de 66.6 % a 69 % (p: 0.741). En los escolares del grupo control no se evidenciaron cambios significativos. Los padres de familia del grupo estudio incrementaron sus conocimientos de 92.85 % a 98.57 % (p: 0.095). Las actitudes de 87.14 % a 94.28 % (p: 0.145). Las prácticas se perfeccionaron del 88.57 % al 100 % (p: <0.05). En el grupo de control no se evidenciaron cambios positivos que fueran significativos para el estudio. En el grupo estudio previo a la intervención la prevalencia de parasitismo fue 46.22 %, la cual disminuyó a 35.83 % luego de la misma. En contraposición con el grupo control, cuya prevalencia inicial fue de 29.8 % y luego aumentó a 56 % (p: <0.05). El riesgo relativo fue de 0.690311 con un IC 95% (0.5241- 0.9091). CONCLUSIONES: La intervención educativa es un factor protector para la prevención de parasitismo(au)

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitism represents a medical-social problem with high prevalence in children in developing countries. One of the influential factors is the precarious state of health in certain areas. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the application of an educational program on knowledge, attitudes and practices that would reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasitism. METHOD: A descriptive experimental study was carried out in a rural area of Azuay - Ecuador during the years 2013 and 2014. The universe was 190 children and 145 parents who were randomly selected in two groups: study and control. The knowledge, attitudes, practices and prevalence of parasitism between the two groups were compared with the application of a questionnaire and a coproparasitary examination before and after the intervention. RESULTS: The educational intervention showed a positive impact, since in the students of the study group the knowledge improved from 39.6 % to 97.2 % (p: <0.05). Attitudes increased from 48.1 % to 97.2 % (p: <0.05). Finally, the practices from 66.6 % to 69 % (p: 0.741). There were no significant changes in the students in the control group. The parents of the study group increased their knowledge from 92.85 % to 98.57 % (p: 0.095). The attitudes of 87.14 % to 94.28 % (p: 0.145). Practices were improved from 88.57 % to 100 % (p: <0.05). There were no positive changes in the control group that were significant for the study. In the pre-intervention study group the prevalence of parasitism was 46.22 %, which decreased to 35.83 % after the same. In contrast to the control group, whose initial prevalence was 29.8 % and then increased to 56 % (p: <0.05). The relative risk was 0.690311 with a 95 % CI (0.5241-0.9091). CONCLUSION: Educational intervention is a protective factor against parasitism(au)

Eritema nudoso asociado a parasitismo por Ascaris lumbricoides. Presentación de caso / Nudose erythema associated to Ascaris lumbricoides parasitism. Cases presentation

Introducción: El Eritema nudoso es una paniculitis, de relativa frecuencia, que se expresa como manifestación de trastornos internos de gran envergadura, como las enfermedades del tejido conectivo, las enfermedades infecciosas y el cáncer. Es por ello, que los pacientes que lo presenten, deben ser estudiados cuidadosamente en busca de la causa.Objetivo: Presentar un caso clínico de Eritema nudoso resaltando el diagnóstico de la causa parasitaria y su tratamiento.Presentación de Caso: Se muestra el caso de una paciente femenina de 29 años, de raza blanca, residente en un municipio rural (Jatibonico), profesora de escuela primaria, sin antecedentes patológicos, quien acude a consulta por eritema elevado muy doloroso en la superficie anterior de ambos miembros inferiores, malestar general y artralgias. Se le diagnosticó clínicamente un eritema nudoso, y durante varios meses se realizaron complementarios para establecer la posible causa; se encontró solo un parasitismo intestinal por Ascaris lumbricoides. Recibió tratamiento médico con antiparasitarios, y desapareció el eritema. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico clínico certero, más la búsqueda constante de la causa del eritema nudoso y el tratamiento del parasitismo encontrado, llevaron a la solución del problema de la paciente. El eritema nudoso siempre debe ser estudiado por la posibilidad de ser un síndrome reactivo a procesos graves(AU)

Introduction: Nudose erythema is a panniculitis, of relative frequency, that it is expressed like a manifestation of internal disorders of great significance, like the illnesses of the connective tissue, the infectious diseases and the cancer. So the patients that show it, must be studied carefully in search of the cause. Objective: To Present a nudose erythema clinic case highlighting the diagnose of parasitical cause. Cases presentation: Is show the case of a white female patient, 29 years old, resident at rural municipality (Jatibonico), elementary school teacher, without pathological past health history, that assist at the consult for nodular due to a high very painful erythema on the anticus surface of both inferior members, general discomfort and arthralgia. Was clinically diagnosed a nudose erythema, and during several months were performed complementary to establish the possible cause, finding only an intestinal parasitism for Ascaris lumbricoides. He received medical treatment with antiparasitcs, disappearing the erythema. Conclusions: The accurate diagnostic, furthermore, a constantly cause searching of the cause of the nudose erythema plus the treatment of parasitism found, solve the patients problem. Nudose erythema always must be studied due to the possibility to be a reactive syndrome of seriously ill process(AU)

Eritema nudoso asociado a parasitismo por Ascaris lumbricoides. Presentación de caso / Nudose erythema associated to Ascaris lumbricoides parasitism: Cases presentation

Introducción: El Eritema nudoso es una paniculitis, de relativa frecuencia, que se expresa como manifestación de trastornos internos de gran envergadura, como las enfermedades del tejido conectivo, las enfermedades infecciosas y el cáncer. Es por ello, que los pacientes que lo presenten, deben ser estudiados cuidadosamente en busca de la causa. Objetivo: Presentar un caso clínico de Eritema nudoso resaltando el diagnóstico de la causa parasitaria y su tratamiento. Presentación de Caso: Se muestra el caso de una paciente femenina de 29 años, de raza blanca, residente en un municipio rural (Jatibonico), profesora de escuela primaria, sin antecedentes patológicos, quien acude a consulta por eritema elevado muy doloroso en la superficie anterior de ambos miembros inferiores, malestar general y artralgias. Se le diagnosticó clínicamente un eritema nudoso, y durante varios meses se realizaron complementarios para establecer la posible causa; se encontró solo un parasitismo intestinal por Ascaris lumbricoides. Recibió tratamiento médico con antiparasitarios, y desapareció el eritema. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico clínico certero, más la búsqueda constante de la causa del eritema nudoso y el tratamiento del parasitismo encontrado, llevaron a la solución del problema de la paciente. El eritema nudoso siempre debe ser estudiado por la posibilidad de ser un síndrome reactivo a procesos grave(AU)

Introduction: Nudose erythema is a panniculitis, of relative frequency, that it is expressed like a manifestation of internal disorders of great significance, like the illnesses of the connective tissue, the infectious diseases and the cancer. So the patients that show it, must be studied carefully in search of the cause. Objective: To Present a nudose erythema clinic case highlighting the diagnose of parasitical cause. Cases presentation: Is show the case of a white female patient, 29 years old, resident at rural municipality (Jatibonico), elementary school teacher, without pathological past health history, that assist at the consult for nodular due to a high very painful erythema on the anticus surface of both inferior members, general discomfort and arthralgia. Was clinically diagnosed a nudose erythema, and during several months were performed complementary to establish the possible cause, finding only an intestinal parasitism for Ascaris lumbricoides. He received medical treatment with antiparasitcs, disappearing the erythema. Conclusions: The accurate diagnostic, furthermore, a constantly cause searching of the cause of the nudose erythema plus the treatment of parasitism found, solve the patients problem. Nudose erythema always must be studied due to the possibility to be a reactive syndrome of seriously ill process(AU)

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitism among two indigenous sub-ethnic groups in Peninsular Malaysia.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among indigenous people have been widely documented in Malaysia, however, the prevalence of these infections remains high. In the past, most studies have focused on specific species of parasites but polyparasitism has received limited attention. In addition, epidemiology studies on indigenous people tend to consider them as a homogenous group, whereas in reality different sub-ethnic groups have different cultural and living practices. Variations in living habits such as personal hygiene practices may predispose different groups to different parasitic infections. To better understand prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitism among different sub-ethnic groups, the present study was conducted among two sub-ethnic groups of indigenous people (Temuan and Mah Meri) residing in Selangor state, Malaysia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study that focused on two distinct sub-ethnic groups was carried out from February to September 2014. Faecal samples were collected from 186 participants and examined using the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. A molecular approach was adopted to conduct a genetic characterisation of the parasites. Additionally, questionnaires were administered to obtain information on the demographics, socio-economic backgrounds and behavioural risks relating to the participants, as well as information about their environments. Statistical analyses (i.e. binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses) were performed to measure risk factors. RESULTS: For Temuan communities, trichuriasis (64.2 %) was the most common infection found, preceding hookworm infection (34 %), ascariasis (7.5 %), giardiasis (14.2 %) and amoebiasis (7.5 %). As for the Mah Meri communities, trichuriasis (77.5 %) prevailed over ascariasis (21.3 %), hookworm (15 %), giardiasis (7.5 %) and amoebiasis (3.8 %). Significant differences in proportions of trichuriasis, ascariasis and hookworm infections were observed between the Temuan and Mah Meri sub-ethnic groups. Polyparasitism was more common among the Temuan sub-ethnic group (41.5 %) compared to the Mah Meri sub-ethnic group (32.5 %), with the majority of participants harbouring two parasites concurrently (Temuan: 33 %, Mah Meri: 20 %). Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides co-infections were most prevalent (10 %) among the Mah Meri communities, while a co-infection of T. trichiura with hookworm (19.8 %) was most common among the Temuan communities. Multivariate analyses showed that being unemployed, having a large family and drinking unboiled water were found to be significantly associated with intestinal parasitism. CONCLUSION: The present study highlights substantial polyparasitism and risk factors for infections in the Temuan and Mah Meri sub-ethnic groups. The high prevalence of IPIs among these two sub-ethnic groups indicates that parasitic infections are important health issues in these communities. Hence, it is imperative to implement sound intervention strategies such as periodic preventive chemotherapy coupled with health education in order to reduce and eradicate these infections.

Relación clínico-epidemiológica de giardiasis en niños de 0-12 años que asisten a núcleos de atención primaria. municipio francisco linares alcántara, estado aragua, venezuela / Clinical-epidemiologic relationship of giardiasis in children 0-12 years attending primary care nucleus.municipality francisco linares alcantara, aragua, venezuela

Giardiasis is an intestinal parasitism with high prevalence worldwide, which most often affects children. In Venezuela is a public health problem due to the occurrence of various risk factors, such as pollution of sources of drinking water, poor health education and low socioeconomic status. A descriptive cross-sectional study in children attending Primary Care Nucleus (NAP) of the municipality Francisco Linares Alcantara, during the first quarter of 2013. Stool samples were a nalyzed by direct coproparasitological methods with physiological Saline, Lugol and Faust. In order to know the symptoms and risk factors associated with a clinical epidemiological survey was applied to each participant. The sample consisted of 180 children, of which 47.2% had pathogenic parasites, 14.4% non-pathogenic and 38.3% were not parasitized. The prevalence of G. intestinalis was 11.1%. No relationship between sex and age group was found. Association between diarrhea, flatulence and abdominal distention and presence of G. intestinalis was found. Risk factors associated with the presence of the parasite were: poor housing, treatment of drinking water and inadequate hygiene. We conclude that G. intestinalis is a common pathogen in children who come to the NAP of the municipality and its presence is associated with poor housing, inadequate treatment of drinking water and inadequate hygiene.

La giardiasis es una parasitosis intestinal con alta prevalencia a nivel mundial, que afecta con mayor frecuencia a niños. En Venezuela constituye un problema de salud pública, debido a la concurrencia de diversos factores de riesgo, como contaminación de las fuentes de agua de consumo humano, la deficiente educación sanitaria y nivel socioeconómico bajo. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en niños y niñas que acudieron a los Núcleos de Atención Primaria (NAP) del municipio Francisco Linares Alcántara, durante el primer trimestre del año 2013. Las muestras de heces fueron analizadas mediante métodos coproparasitológicos directos con solución Salina Fisiológica, Lugol y Faust. Para conocer la sintomatología y los factores de riesgo asociados, se aplicó una encuesta clínico epidemiológica a cada participante. La muestra estuvo conformada por un total de 180 niños, de los cuales 47,2% presentaban parásitos patógenos, 14,4% no patógenos y 38,3% no estaban parasitados. La prevalencia de Giardia intestinalis fue de 11,1%. No se encontró relación entre sexo y grupo etario. Se halló asociación entre la diarrea, flatulencia y distensión abdominal y presencia de G. intestinalis. Los factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de dicho parásito fueron: precariedad de la vivienda, tratamiento del agua de consumo humano y hábitos higiénicos inadecuados. Se concluye que G. intestinalis es un patógeno frecuente en los niños que acuden a los NAP del municipio y su presencia está asociada a la precariedad de la vivienda, tratamiento inadecuado del agua de consumo humano y hábitos higiénicos inadecuados.

Resultados de una intervención educativa sobre parasitismo intestinal en personal médico / Results of an educational intervention on intestinal parasitism in medical staffs

Introducción: las infecciones por parásitos intestinales son frecuentes en áreas geográficas donde el clima y las condiciones higiénico sanitarias deficientes favorecen su supervivencia, reproducción y transmisión.Objetivos: evaluar los resultados de una intervención educativa sobre parasitismo intestinal en médicos que prestan servicios en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS).Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal con médicos de la APS en quienes se evidenció previamente, con la aplicación de una encuesta, la existencia de insuficientes conocimientos en relación con el parasitismo intestinal. Con este propósito se impartió el curso "Actualización en parasitismo intestinal" acreditado en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. "Miguel Enríquez", dictamen 3/2013. Una vez finalizado el curso, se aplicó una nueva encuesta para evaluar los conocimientos adquiridos. Se confeccionó una base de datos utilizando el programa Microsoft Excel 2013. Se compararon las medias de las puntuaciones obtenidas en las dos evaluaciones utilizando una distribución t de Student a través del programa Epidat versión 3.1.Resultados: el 100 por ciento de los médicos aprobaron el segundo cuestionario con más de 70 puntos. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar la media de las puntuaciones en las dos evaluaciones (p< 0,05).Conclusiones: se demostró la eficacia de esta intervención educativa pues se produjo una mejoría estadísticamente significativa de las evaluaciones(AU)

Introduction: Intestinal parasite infections are common in geographic areas where poor hygiene and sanitary conditions favor survival, reproduction and transmission of intestinal parasitism.Objectives: Evaluate the results of an educational intervention on intestinal parasitism in physicians who provide services in Primary Health Care (PHC).Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with PHC physicians who previously had a survey. It was evidenced the existence of insufficient knowledge regarding intestinal parasitism. For this purpose the course "Intestinal parasitism update" was given at Dr. Miguel Enríquez Faculty of Medical Sciences, dictum 3/2013. After completing the course, a new survey was applied to evaluate the knowledge acquired. A database was made using the Microsoft Excel 2013 program. the means of the scores obtained were compared in the two evaluations using a t Student distribution through the program Epidat version 3.1.Results: 100 percent of the doctors passed the second questionnaire with more than 70 points. Statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the mean scores obtained in the two evaluations (p< 0.05).Conclusions: This educational intervention was proven to be effective, as there was a statistically significant improvement of the evaluations(AU)

Estado nutricional, parasitismo intestinal y sus factores de riesgo en una población vulnerable del municipio de Iza (Boyacá), Colombia año 2013 / Nutritional status, intestinal parasitism and their risk factors in a vulnerable population in the municipality of Iza (Boyaca), Colombia 2013

The aim of this study was to establish the nutritional status and intestinal parasitism and their risk factors in pregnant women, elderly people and children under 5 years old. Each one of the participants wasgiven a survey, their nutritional status values were taken(weight and size), as were measurements ofindicators such as haemoglobin, seric iron, ferritin, tranferrin, reactive protein C, and a test for intestinal parasites, followed by a medical ma-nagement plan. The risk factors for intestinal parasitism found, were bad hygiene habits and the lack of access to basic public services. In the elderly, it was found that 22% were overweight and 16.5% suffered from obesity. In the group of boys and girls, 15.2% were overweight or obese and 15.2% presented some risk of acute malnutrition. Moreover, the elderly presented 26.4% prevalence of mild or moderate anaemia, and the children 14.9%, in both cases co-related to the concentrations of iron and ferritin. There was 65.3% prevalence of intestinal parasites. Some of the parasites found were: Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis and Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar. It is important to reinforce the programmes of food security to lower the malnutrition rates. In spite of having found a high percentage of intestinal parasites, no statistically significant relationship with malnutrition and its factors was found.

El objetivo del estudio fue establecer el estado nutricional, el parasitismo intestinal y sus factores de riesgo en mujeres gestantes, adultos mayores y niños menores de 5 años. A cada uno de los participantes se le aplicó una encuesta, valoración del estado nutricional (peso y talla), medición de indicadores como hemoglobina, hierro sérico, ferritina, transferrina, proteína C reactiva, y búsqueda de parásitos intestinales, seguido de un plan de manejo médico. Se encontraron como factores de riesgo para parasitismo intestinal, malos hábitos de higiene y falta de cubrimiento de los servicios públicos básicos. En los adultos mayores se encontró que 22% tenían sobrepeso, 16,5% obesidad, los niños y niñas 15,2% tuvieron sobrepeso u obesidad y 15,2% presentaron algún riesgo de desnutrición aguda, por otra parte presentaban prevalencias de anemia leve y moderada, 26,4% de adultos mayores y 14,9% de los niños. La prevalencia de parásitos intestinales fue 65.3%; encontrándose parásitos como Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis y Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar. Es importante fortalecer los programas de seguridad alimentaria para disminuir los índices de malnutrición. A pesar de haber encontrado un alto porcentaje de parásitos intestinales no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa con la desnutrición y los factores predisponentes.

Resultados de una intervención educativa sobre parasitismo intestinal en personal médico / Results of an educational intervention on intestinal parasitism in medical staffs

Introducción: las infecciones por parásitos intestinales son frecuentes en áreas geográficas donde el clima y las condiciones higiénico sanitarias deficientes favorecen su supervivencia, reproducción y transmisión. Objetivos: evaluar los resultados de una intervención educativa sobre parasitismo intestinal en médicos que prestan servicios en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal con médicos de la APS en quienes se evidenció previamente, con la aplicación de una encuesta, la existencia de insuficientes conocimientos en relación con el parasitismo intestinal. Con este propósito se impartió el curso Actualización en parasitismo intestinal acreditado en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. Miguel Enríquez, dictamen 3/2013. Una vez finalizado el curso, se aplicó una nueva encuesta para evaluar los conocimientos adquiridos. Se confeccionó una base de datos utilizando el programa Microsoft Excel 2013. Se compararon las medias de las puntuaciones obtenidas en las dos evaluaciones utilizando una distribución t de Student a través del programa Epidat versión 3.1. Resultados: el 100 por ciento de los médicos aprobaron el segundo cuestionario con más de 70 puntos. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar la media de las puntuaciones en las dos evaluaciones (p< 0,05). Conclusiones: se demostró la eficacia de esta intervención educativa pues se produjo una mejoría estadísticamente significativa de las evaluaciones(AU)

Introduction: Intestinal parasite infections are common in geographic areas where poor hygiene and sanitary conditions favor survival, reproduction and transmission of intestinal parasitism. Objectives: Evaluate the results of an educational intervention on intestinal parasitism in physicians who provide services in Primary Health Care (PHC). Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with PHC physicians who previously had a survey. It was evidenced the existence of insufficient knowledge regarding intestinal parasitism. For this purpose the course Intestinal parasitism update was given at Dr. Miguel Enríquez Faculty of Medical Sciences, dictum 3/2013. After completing the course, a new survey was applied to evaluate the knowledge acquired. A database was made using the Microsoft Excel 2013 program. the means of the scores obtained were compared in the two evaluations using a t Student distribution through the program Epidat version 3.1. Results: 100 percent of the doctors passed the second questionnaire with more than 70 points. Statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the mean scores obtained in the two evaluations (p< 0.05). Conclusions: This educational intervention was proven to be effective, as there was a statistically significant improvement of the evaluations(AU)

Morbilidad por blastocystis spp. en el hospital pediátrico universitario "William Soler" / Morbidity from blastocystis spp. at "William Soler" university pediatric hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN: blastocystis spp. se considera actualmente un posible nuevo patógeno intestinal, y se reconoce su existencia en edad pediátrica. OBJETIVO: identificar el patrón clínico y epidemiológico de infección por Blastocystis spp. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo en 98 pacientes cuyas heces fueron recepcionadas en el Departamento de Parasitología del Hospital Pediátrico "William Soler" (2008 a 2009), en La Habana. RESULTADOS: Blastocystis spp. se manifestó de forma única en 59,2 %, significativamente superior (p= 0,000) respecto a su presentación en coinfección (26,7 %), principalmente con Giardia lambia (17,3 %) y Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (11,2 %). En infección solo por Blastocystis spp. (n= 58), la tasa de infección se incrementó de 47,2 % (1 y 4 años), a 83,3 % (13 a 18 años), y en el sexo masculino hubo mayor riesgo de contraer el parásito (razón o cociente de tasas= 0,7). La razón de tasa de Blastocystis spp., según zona de residencia y abasto de agua, fue menor que 1; mientras que, para la tenencia de animales en la casa y el origen del agua para consumo, fue superior a 1. La sintomatología se expresó en 96,6 %, básicamente por dolor abdominal y diarrea. CONCLUSIONES: la infección por Blastocystis spp. de forma única es típica en este estudio de 13 a 18 años, con riesgo incrementado en el sexo masculino, por la tenencia de animales en la casa, consumo de agua sin hervir, zona de residencia urbana y consumo de agua de acueducto. Los principales síntomas corresponden a dolor abdominal y diarrea.

INTRODUCTION: blastocystis spp. is presently considered a possible new intestinal pathogen and its presence is recognized at pediatric ages. OBJECTIVE: to identify the clinical and epidemiological pattern of infection caused by Blastocystis spp. METHODS: descriptive study of 98 patients whose feces were collected at the department of parasitology in "William Soler" pediatric hospital (2008-2009) in Havana. RESULTS: Blastocystis spp. manifested in 59.2 % of cases, significantly higher (p= 0.000) rate than in co-infection (26.7 %) mainly with Giardia lambdia (17.3 %) and Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (11.2 %). Regarding infection just by Blastocystis spp. (n= 58), the infection rate rose from 47.2 % (1 and 4 years-old) to 83.3 % (13 to 18 years-old) and males had higher risks of acquiring the parasites (ratio rate= 0.7). The rate ratio of Blastocystisspp., according to the area of residence and water supply system, was lower than 1 whereas having pets at home and origin of the drinking water was over 1. Abdominal pain and diarrheas were the basic symptoms found in 96.6 % of the sample. CONCLUSIONS: single Blastocystis spp. infection is typical in this study in the 13-18 years old group, with increased risk for males, pets at home, taking water that is not boiled, urban area of residence and consumption of tap water. The main symptoms were abdominal pain and diarrheas.

Morbilidad por Blastocystis spp. en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario William Soler / Morbidity from Blastocystis spp. at William Soler university pediatric hospital

Introducción: Blastocystis spp. se considera actualmente un posible nuevo patógeno intestinal, y se reconoce su existencia en edad pediátrica.Objetivo: identificar el patrón clínico y epidemiológico de infección por Blastocystis spp.Métodos: estudio descriptivo en 98 pacientes cuyas heces fueron recepcionadas en el Departamento de Parasitología del Hospital Pediátrico William Soler (2008 a 2009), en La Habana.Resultados: Blastocystis spp. se manifestó de forma única en 59,2 por ciento, significativamente superior (p= 0,000) respecto a su presentación en coinfección (26,7 por ciento), principalmente con Giardia lambia (17,3 por ciento) y Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (11,2 por ciento). En infección solo por Blastocystis spp. (n= 58), la tasa de infección se incrementó de 47,2 por ciento (1 y 4 años), a 83,3 por ciento (13 a 18 años), y en el sexo masculino hubo mayor riesgo de contraer el parásito (razón o cociente de tasas= 0,7). La razón de tasa de Blastocystis spp., según zona de residencia y abasto de agua, fue menor que 1; mientras que, para la tenencia de animales en la casa y el origen del agua para consumo, fue superior a 1. La sintomatología se expresó en 96,6 por ciento, básicamente por dolor abdominal y diarrea.Conclusiones: la infección por Blastocystis spp. de forma única es típica en este estudio de 13 a 18 años, con riesgo incrementado en el sexo masculino, por la tenencia de animales en la casa, consumo de agua sin hervir, zona de residencia urbana y consumo de agua de acueducto. Los principales síntomas corresponden a dolor abdominal y diarrea(AU)

Influência do parasitismo intestinal sobre os parâmetros hematológicos e de líquido peritoneal em equinos de tração / Influence of intestinal parasitism on peritoneal fluid and hematological parameters in horses used for traction

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência do parasitismo intestinal crônico sobre parâmetros hematológicos e de líquido peritoneal por meio da comparação dessas características em equinos naturalmente parasitados e após administração de anti-helmíntico. Utilizaram-se 21 cavalos de tração urbana, entre dois e 19 anos, sem raça definida e com resultado de exame parasitológico superior a 300 ovos por grama de fezes. Foi realizada avaliação física e coleta de fezes, de líquido peritoneal e de sangue em dois momentos do experimento (D0 e D15), sendo efetuado tratamento antiparasitário no D0. No fluido peritoneal foram avaliadas características físicas, bioquímicas, bem como contagem de células nucleadas (CTCN) e diferenciação celular. No sangue foram determinados valores eritrocitários, leucocitários, proteínas plasmáticas totais, glicose e fibrinogênio plasmáticos, além de fosfatase alcalina (FA) sérica. A análise dos parâmetros avaliados não demonstrou diferença significativa entre animais parasitados e após administração de anti-helmíntico, exceto para valores de CTCN, contagem de neutrófilos segmentados e grau de turbidez do líquido peritoneal. As médias se mantiveram dentro dos intervalos de referência, com exceção da CTCN do líquido peritoneal no D0. No líquido peritoneal, houve predomínio de neutrófilos segmentados, seguidos por macrófagos, linfócitos e eosinófilos em ambos os momentos de avaliação. Observaram-se tendência do quadro eritrocitário em manter-se próximo aos limites inferiores e leve leucocitose no D0. A infecção parasitária nos animais estudados foi predominantemente moderada, o que oferece poucos riscos clínicos. Nessas condições, pode-se afirmar que a CTCN, a contagem absoluta de neutrófilos segmentados e o grau de turbidez do líquido peritoneal são influenciados e podem ser considerados ferramentas diagnósticas e prognósticas úteis nas parasitoses intestinais crônicas.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of chronic intestinal parasitism on hematological parameters and peritoneal fluid. It was done by comparing these features in horses used for traction naturally parasitized and after the administration of anthelmintic. Twenty-one horses, between two and nineteen years of age, of mixed breed and with results of parasitological examination of more than 300 eggs per gram of feces were studied. Physical assessment and samples of feces were conducted, as well as blood and peritoneal fluid in the two phases of the experiment (D0 and D15). Antiparasitic treatment in D0 has also been done. The peritoneal fluid was evaluated for physical and biochemical features, and also total count of nucleated cells (TCNC) and cell differentiation. The blood was determined for erythrocyte, leukocyte, plasma total protein, glucose and plasma fibrinogen, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. The analysis of these parameters showed no significant difference between parasitized animals and after administration of anthelmintic except for TCNC values, segmented neutrophil count and degree of turbidity in peritoneal fluid. The averages remained within the reference ranges, except the TCNC in the peritoneal fluid in D0. In the peritoneal fluid there was a predominance of segmented neutrophils, followed by macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils in both time points. A trend was observed in erythrocyte frame to keep close to the lower limits and mild leukocytosis in D0. Parasitic infection of the animals studied was predominantly moderate, which offered minimal clinical risks. After that, it can be affirmed that the TCNC, absolute segmented neutrophil count and targeted degree of turbidity in peritoneal fluid are influenced and can be considered useful diagnostic and prognostic tools in chronic intestinal parasitism.(AU)

Descripción del estado de salud de indígenas Huitoto y Embera de Florencia, Caquetá a través de pruebas de laboratorio, en el primer período de 2012 / Description of the health status of indigenous Huitoto and Embera of Florencia Caquetá trough laboratory tests in the first period of 2012

Objetivo. Describir la presencia de anemia, infecciones y parasitismo intestinal en comunidades indígenas colombianas Huitoto y Embera residentes en Florencia, Caquetá a partir de pruebas de laboratorio como: cuadro hemático, frotis de sangre periférica (FSP), ferritina, proteína C reactiva (PCR), parcial de orina y coprológico. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron muestras de sangre, orina y materia fecal, de adultos entre los 18 y 79 años. Resultados. Se encontró que las dos comunidades indígenas presentaban deficiencias en el estado de salud representadas por alto nivel de parasitismo intestinal, presencia de anemia en algunos de los individuos, al igual que una baja prevalencia de infección urinaria. Se sugiere implementar campañas de promoción y prevención de la salud de estas comunidades indígenas.

Objetive. Describe the presence of anemia, infections and intestinal parasitism in Colombian indigenous communities Huitoto and Embera residents in Florencia, Caquetá. Materials and Methods: Laboratory test such as: hemogram, peripheral blood smear (FSP), Ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), partial of urine and stool. In the study were collected blood samples, urine and stool, of adults between 18 and 79 years. Results. It was found that the two communities had deficiencies in health status represented by high level of intestinal parasitism, anemia in some individuals, as well as a low prevalence of urinary tract infection. In response to the problems described above, the group of research suggests deploy campaigns of health promotion and disease prevention related to the findings on the health status of these indigenous communities.

Association between anemia and intestinal parasitism among pregnant women (ages 15-44 years-old) attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary hospital / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections is one of the leading public health problem encountered more especially of the developing countries. Parasitic infections affect millions of pregnant women worldwide, and may directly or indirectly lead to a spectrum of adverse maternal and fetal effects, one of which is anemia that may result to detrimental fetal and maternal outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitism and anemia among pregnant women ages 15-44 years old consulting for antenatal check-up in a tertiary hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study population was based on inclusion criteria and was significance was statistically determined using odds ratio statistical analysis using SPSS software.  RESULTS: The results of this study showed evidences of an alarming association between prevalence of soil-helmithiasis and anemia among Filipino pregnant women. These diseases have been a major global public health concern and up to date have been very difficult to address despite the efforts done by the local and international health organizations. Although this study is limited only in gathering sufficient data on the prevalence of anemia and intestinal parasitism, this may have provided future researches on possible benefits of deworming among pregnant women. CONCLUSION: Health education and promotion truly have great impact in reducing the prevalence of the burden of these diseases. Therefore, antenatal care should be further emphasized in improving the maternal health in the country.

Parasitosis intestinales en pacientes con epilepsia de origen desconocido / Intestinal parasitosis found in patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology

Introducción: la epilepsia es una alteración del sistema nervioso central que afecta a un estimado de 50 millones de personas en el mundo, de los cuales 85 porciento vive en países en desarrollo. Alrededor de 20 porciento de las epilepsias son de difícil control o refractarias. En Cuba no existen antecedentes de estudios acerca del comportamiento de las parasitosis intestinales en estos pacientes, por lo cual se decidió realizar la presente investigación en un grupo de pacientes con epilepsia de origen desconocido del Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de La Habana. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia y las manifestaciones clínicas de las parasitosis intestinales, y relacionar estas infecciones con la existencia de epilepsia refractaria a los fármacos antiepilépticos. Métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario y se recogió una muestra de heces por cada paciente, se realizaron técnicas de diagnóstico coproparasitológico, como son el examen directo, el método de concentración de Willis y el procedimiento cuantitativo de Kato Katz(AU)

Introduction: the epilepsy is an alteration of the central nervous system (CNS) which roughly affects 50 millions of persons worldwide; almost 85 percent of them live in developing countries. Approximately 20 percent of epilepsies are difficult to control or they are called refractory epilepsies. Taking into account the lack of Cuban reports about the behavior of intestinal parasitic infections in these patients, it was decided to carry out this research study in a group of epileptic patients with unknown etiology, from the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Havana. Objectives: to determine the prevalence and the clinical manifestations of intestinal parasitic infections, and the possible association of these infections with epilepsy refractory to the antiepileptic drugs. Methods: a questionnaire was applied and one fecal sample was taken per patient. Various parasitological techniques were implemented, including direct wet mount, Willis concentration technique, and Kato Katz quantitative procedure(AU)

Parasitosis intestinales en pacientes con epilepsia de origen desconocido / Intestinal parasitosis found in patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology

Introducción: la epilepsia es una alteración del sistema nervioso central que afecta a un estimado de 50 millones de personas en el mundo, de los cuales 85 porciento vive en países en desarrollo. Alrededor de 20 porciento de las epilepsias son de difícil control o refractarias. En Cuba no existen antecedentes de estudios acerca del comportamiento de las parasitosis intestinales en estos pacientes, por lo cual se decidió realizar la presente investigación en un grupo de pacientes con epilepsia de origen desconocido del Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de La Habana. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia y las manifestaciones clínicas de las parasitosis intestinales, y relacionar estas infecciones con la existencia de epilepsia refractaria a los fármacos antiepilépticos. Métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario y se recogió una muestra de heces por cada paciente, se realizaron técnicas de diagnóstico coproparasitológico, como son el examen directo, el método de concentración de Willis y el procedimiento cuantitativo de Kato Katz

Introduction: the epilepsy is an alteration of the central nervous system (CNS) which roughly affects 50 millions of persons worldwide; almost 85 percent of them live in developing countries. Approximately 20 percent of epilepsies are difficult to control or they are called refractory epilepsies. Taking into account the lack of Cuban reports about the behavior of intestinal parasitic infections in these patients, it was decided to carry out this research study in a group of epileptic patients with unknown etiology, from the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Havana. Objectives: to determine the prevalence and the clinical manifestations of intestinal parasitic infections, and the possible association of these infections with epilepsy refractory to the antiepileptic drugs. Methods: a questionnaire was applied and one fecal sample was taken per patient. Various parasitological techniques were implemented, including direct wet mount, Willis concentration technique, and Kato Katz quantitative procedure

Parasitismo intestinal en una población infantil venezolana / Intestinal parasitism in a Venezuelan pediatric population i: en

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 146 niños con parasitismo intestinal, como muestra representativa de los 227 pacientes de 0-14 años, pertenecientes al Sector 8, Parroquia de Cartanal, Estado Miranda, de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, en el período 2007- 2008, a fin de caracterizarles según variables de interés. En la serie predominaron el grupo etario de 0 a 4 años, el sexo masculino, la Giardia lamblia como parásito más frecuente, además de la anemia, la diarrea persistente y el síndrome diarreico agudo como complicaciones más comunes. A fin de minimizar este problema, se recomendó incrementar las actividades de educación sanitaria a la población, para así promover hábitos y estilos de vida saludables.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 146 children with intestinal parasitism as a representative sample of 227 patients at age 0-14 years, belonging to the Sector 8, Cartanal parish, Miranda State, of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, from 2007 to 2008, in order to characterize them according to variates of interest. In the series the age group of 0 to 4 years, male sex and Giardia lamblia as the most frequent parasite predominated, as well as anemia, persistent diarrhea and acute diarrheal syndrome as the most common complications. To resolve this problem, it was recommended to increase health education activities in the population, thus promoting healthy habits and lifestyles.